Environmental Water Solutions for Small Festivals
There are increasingly more environmental concerns for festival organisers now that the 2012 festival season is in full swing. Once again endless lorries deliver stages, sets, musical equipment, food and of course drinking water to the sites deep in the British countryside.
Festival water usage is staggering. In fact the addition of a new water mains helped meet demand at Glastonbury however proved to be expensive and turned out to be insufficient in dealing with peak demand times. Glastonbury organisers have now invested in a second reservoir at £400,000 to meet the water shortfall created by in excess of 175,000 people descending on the area, requiring 240,000 gallons of drinking water each day. The focus is increasingly on more environmentally sustainable sourcing of water for all festivals.
Smaller festivals can consider the addition of boreholes using water well drilling rigs to ensure better access to water onsite for festival goers. Through location planning, usually through the use of sonar readings, festivals can ensure good access to water facilities without the concerns of expense, wasteful packaging and transportation of both the product and the waste. The geological investigation and a groundwater assessment will help organisers to identify where the best possible locations are for a borehole. The British Geological Survey can conduct a ‘Water Borehole Prognosis Report’ service and there are private hydrogeological consultancies and drilling companies whom specialise in advising on this further.
A drill and exploratory borehole is created and tested once a location has been identified. The Environmental Agency (EA) authorise this for larger scale use in the form of suitable notification, rules and licences. In order to fully benefit from an onsite borehole (using in excess of 20 cubic metres of water a day) within drought years, those seeking a borehole must obtain an abstraction licence from the EA. The licence offers the additional reassurance that the owners of the private borehole identified are exempt from hosepipe bans on the provision that the water is extracted from their own underground source.
Water well drilling rigs dig and install the boreholes in location. There can be no guarantee of a useful water supply in advance although with research prior to installation the risks are minimal. A water well borehole can offer access to water across a festival site at a comparatively cheaper cost especially when taking into account waste, environmental concerts and even the installation fees.
Installation can take up to 2 weeks although it’s usually much faster. Rock strata are analysed to help ensure the appropriate casing is used throughout the work, aiding the performance and lifespan of the borehole. Non-corrosive materials are used to line the length of the borehole and for the submersible pump/cables.
On completion of the borehole, the water quality must be checked to ensure that it meets European Laws for purpose, be it for washing or consumption. The Environmental Health Department of the Local Authority has an obligation to test the water to ensure it reaches satisfactory standards if it is for use. Any issues with high levels of iron or manganese can be mitigated or controlled against through the implementation of either oxidants or through filtration. Sand and other natural particles can also be removed from the water, again through filtration.
Maintenance is usually minimal for a well constructed borehole with further development, servicing and remediation usually conducted using borehole servicing rigs.
Festival organisers can look to reduce their water outlay from around £1.20-£1.50 per cubic metre (metered water) to something in the lines of 20p-30p per cubic metre, quite a saving when you think about the sheer volume of water used in washing alone at festivals. This strategy has worked well and many other industries are installing water well boreholes, including the farming industry, holiday parks, golf courses, those in charge of large green areas (parks, football stadiums, etc) as well as well-known businesses.
Water Power Energy
Energy in water (in the form of kinetic energy, temperature differences or salinity gradients) can be harnessed and used. Since water is about 800 times denser than air,
even a slow flowing stream of water, or moderate sea swell, can yield considerable amounts of energy.
There are many forms of water energy:
Hydroelectric energy is a term usually reserved for large-scale hydroelectric dams. Examples are the Grand Coulee Dam in Washington State and the Akosombo Dam in Ghana. Micro hydro systems are hydroelectric power installations that typically produce up to 100 kW of power. They are often used in water rich areas as a Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS). There are many of these installations around the world, including several delivering around 50 kW in the Solomon Islands. Damless hydro systems derive kinetic energy from rivers and oceans without using a dam. Ocean energy describes all the technologies to harness energy from the ocean and the sea.
Marine current power, similar to tidal stream power, uses the kinetic energy of marine currents. Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) uses the temperature difference between the warmer surface of the ocean and the colder lower recesses. To this end, it employs a cyclic heat engine. OTEC has not been field-tested on a large scale. Tidal power captures energy from the tides. Two different principles for generating energy from the tides are used at the moment. 1. Tidal motion in the vertical direction – Tides come in, raise water levels in a basin, and tides roll out. Around low tide, the water in the basin is discharged through a turbine, exploiting the stored potential energy. Tidal motion in the horizontal direction – or tidal stream power. Using tidal stream generators, like wind turbines but then in a tidal stream. Due to the high density of water, about eight-hundred times the density of air, tidal currents can have a lot of kinetic energy. Several commercial prototypes have been build, and more are in development. Wave power uses the energy in waves. Wave power machines usually take the form of floating or neutrally buoyant structures which move relative to one another or to a fixed point. Wave power has now reached commercialization. Osmotic power or salinity gradient power, is the energy retrieved from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water. Reverse electrodialysis (PRO) is in the research and testing phase. Vortex power is generated by placing obstacles in rivers in order to cause the formation of vortices which can then be tapped for energy. Deep lake water cooling, although not technically an energy generation method, can save a lot of energy in summer. It uses submerged pipes as a heat sink for climate control systems. Lake-bottom water is a year-round local constant of about 4°C.
Wave Farms Expansion
Portugal now has the world’s first commercial wave farm, the Agucadoura Wave Park, officially opened in September 2008. The farm uses three Pelamis P-750 machines generating 2.25 MW.Initial costs are put at 8.5 million. A second phase of the project is now planned to increase the installed capacity to 21MW using a further 25 Pelamis machines.
Funding for a wave farm in Scotland was announced in February, 2007 by the Scottish Government, at a cost of over 4 million pounds, as part of a £13 million funding packages for ocean power in Scotland. The farm will be the world’s largest with a capacity of 3MW generated by four Pelamis machines.
Hydroelectric Dams
The major advantage of hydroelectric systems is the elimination of the cost of fuel. Other advantages include longer life than fuel-fired generation, low operating costs, and the provision of facilities for water sports. Operation of pumped-storage plants improves the daily load factor of the generation system. Overall, hydroelectric power can be far less expensive than electricity generated from fossil fuels or nuclear energy, and areas with abundant hydroelectric power attract industry.
However, there are several major disadvantages of hydroelectric systems. These include: dislocation of people living where the reservoirs are planned, release of significant amounts of carbon dioxide at construction and flooding of the reservoir, disruption of aquatic ecosystems and bird life, adverse impacts on the river environment, potential risks of sabotage and terrorism, and in rare cases catastrophic failure of the dam wall.
Hydroelectric power is now more difficult to site in developed nations because most major sites within these nations are either already being exploited or may be unavailable for other reasons such as environmental considerations
Water Power A Form Of Kinetic Energy
Energy in water (in the form of kinetic energy, temperature differences or salinity gradients) can be harnessed and used. Since water is about 800 times denser than air, even a slow flowing stream of water, or moderate sea swell, can yield considerable amounts of energy.
There are many forms of water energy:
Hydroelectric energy is a term usually reserved for large-scale hydroelectric dams. Examples are the Grand Coulee Dam in Washington State and the Akosombo Dam in Ghana. Micro hydro systems are hydroelectric power installations that typically produce up to 100 kW of power. They are often used in water rich areas as a Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS). There are many of these installations around the world, including several delivering around 50 kW in the Solomon Islands. Damless hydro systems derive kinetic energy from rivers and oceans without using a dam. Ocean energy describes all the technologies to harness energy from the ocean and the sea.
Marine current power, similar to tidal stream power, uses the kinetic energy of marine currents. Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) uses the temperature difference between the warmer surface of the ocean and the colder lower recesses. To this end, it employs a cyclic heat engine. OTEC has not been field-tested on a large scale. Tidal power captures energy from the tides. Two different principles for generating energy from the tides are used at the moment.
Tidal motion in the vertical direction – Tides come in, raise water levels in a basin, and tides roll out. Around low tide, the water in the basin is discharged through a turbine, exploiting the stored potential energy. Tidal motion in the horizontal direction – or tidal stream power. Using tidal stream generators, like wind turbines but then in a tidal stream. Due to the high density of water, about eight-hundred times the density of air, tidal currents can have a lot of kinetic energy. Several commercial prototypes have been build, and more are in development.
Wave power uses the energy in waves. Wave power machines usually take the form of floating or neutrally buoyant structures which move relative to one another or to a fixed point. Wave power has now reached commercialization. Osmotic power or salinity gradient power, is the energy retrieved from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water. Reverse electrodialysis (PRO) is in the research and testing phase. Vortex power is generated by placing obstacles in rivers in order to cause the formation of vortices which can then be tapped for energy. Deep lake water cooling, although not technically an energy generation method, can save a lot of energy in summer. It uses submerged pipes as a heat sink for climate control systems. Lake-bottom water is a year-round local constant of about 4°C.
Wave Farms Expansion
Portugal now has the world’s first commercial wave farm, the Agucadoura Wave Park, officially opened in September 2008. The farm uses three Pelamis P-750 machines generating 2.25 MW.Initial costs are put at 8.5 million. A second phase of the project is now planned to increase the installed capacity to 21MW using a further 25 Pelamis machines.
Funding for a wave farm in Scotland was announced in February, 2007 by the Scottish Government, at a cost of over 4 million pounds, as part of a £13 million funding packages for ocean power in Scotland. The farm will be the world’s largest with a capacity of 3MW generated by four Pelamis machines.
Hydroelectric Dams
The major advantage of hydroelectric systems is the elimination of the cost of fuel. Other advantages include longer life than fuel-fired generation, low operating costs, and the provision of facilities for water sports. Operation of pumped-storage plants improves the daily load factor of the generation system. Overall, hydroelectric power can be far less expensive than electricity generated from fossil fuels or nuclear energy, and areas with abundant hydroelectric power attract industry.
However, there are several major disadvantages of hydroelectric systems. These include: dislocation of people living where the reservoirs are planned, release of significant amounts of carbon dioxide at construction and flooding of the reservoir, disruption of aquatic ecosystems and birdlife, adverse impacts on the river environment, potential risks of sabotage and terrorism, and in rare cases catastrophic failure of the dam wall.
Hydroelectric power is now more difficult to site in developed nations because most major sites within these nations are either already being exploited or may be unavailable for other reasons such as environmental considerations
The Importance Of Alkaline Diet
It is all important that there is a balanced body (PH scale) chemistry, a proper ratio between acid and alkaline foods in tour diet. The natural ratio in a normal healthy body is approximately 4 to 1 – four parts alkaline to one part acid, or 80% to 20%, higher the percentage, the better. When the alkaline-acid ratio drops to 3 to 1, health can be seriously jeopardized.
The more acidic foods and substances we consume, the harder our body has to work to maintain this alkaline balance. The harder our body work, the more illnesses as a result. Researches have demonstrate that just about all of today’s majority health issues could be associated to a combination of dehydration and over-acidity with a person’s diet.
Over-acidity in the body tissues, is one of the basic causes of many diseases, like arthritic and rheumatic. Many sicknesses such as prolonged headaches, diabetes, obesity, acne and indigestion have all been linked to this lack of balance in the human body. By sustaining a well-hydrated alkaline diet, you are helping your body in a healthy way.
What are the important foods to avoid?
Soda water is the downright worst substance you can put in your body. Soda pop have been measured at a pH of 2.3, acidic enough to dissolve human teeth! It can take up to 28 glasses of 7.0 pH natural water to balance out the acidic consequences of just one can of soda pop.
Some other basic acidic foods are fatty, greasy foods, especially red meat variety and some nuts.
Foods that are great to eat would include many of your green vegetables, certain fruits, certain fish, and certain teas.
By taking out key acidic substance out of your diet (like removing soda), and having a diet rich in alkaline can becomes very easy to start living a far more balanced lifestyle. It’s not hard at all.
You will began feeling more energetic, seeing a faster recovery after my workouts, and simply enjoying an overall better mood after achieving the alkaline balance in my body.
Tyent water ionizers is pure clean super water that is ionized for good health, super water that is great for skin, hair and more. Super water that can help naturally rejuvenate the body’s PH balance, invigorate the body with energy, and provide powerful antioxidants to your body. Get started with a water ionizer from
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